How do Canada geese typically damage turfgrass?

Canada geese damage turfgrass primarily by feeding on the blades of the grass. Their grazing behavior can lead to significant thinning of the turf, as they consume the green leaf material that is crucial for photosynthesis and overall plant health. In addition to feeding, their droppings can also contribute to issues in the lawn, such as increased nutrient levels that may lead to uneven growth or promote weeds. This dual impact—physical damage from grazing and nutrient alteration from droppings—highlights why choice B represents the primary way these birds affect turfgrass.

Other options describe forms of damage that are not characteristic of Canada geese. They do not dig tunnels in the lawn or gnaw on roots and bulbs, as those behaviors are more typical of other animals. Constructing nests on the lawn is also not a primary method of damage, as it relates more to nesting behavior rather than the direct impact on the turf itself.